ASSESSMENT OF SOIL FLUSHING IN THE ULAN RIVER BASIN AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF THE FORMATION OF ANTHROPOGENIC GEOSYSTEMS

Abstract

Soil flushing is one of the intensive and widespread geomorphological processes that negatively affect land resources and the national economy as a whole. The use, protection and restoration of the natural environment are the most important measures aimed at preventing the flushing of soils from land resources.

Currently, the fight against factors causing soil erosion is an urgent problem in the field of agriculture. These problems are directly related to the studied territory of the Ulan River basin in the East Kazakhstan region. To preserve the river flow and soil fertility, an important role is played by the assessment and mapping of territories subject to erosion processes.

To determine the degree of soil erosion in the river basin, the universal formula RUSLE is used. The formula provides coverage of various parameters calculated using GIS. As a result of the conducted research, the ArcGIS program has developed maps-schemes of the Ulan River basin (the territory of the river basin, soil types and mechanical composition of soils, the slope of the riverbed, plant species and land use), and also determined the indicator of soil flushing of the basin territory, which ranges annually from 0.1 to 7.81 t/ha. The constructed schematic maps are based on satellite images of 2020 SRTM.

The results obtained can be used as a basis for the development of measures to preserve and improve soil fertility of a certain land plot within the framework of continuous monitoring and management of land resources. And further studies and analyses aimed at changing the indicator of soil flushing will allow to identify and study the factors of the formation of anthropogenic geosystems.