Shrinking lakes in Central Asia and environment changes
149 57
Кілттік сөздер:
lakes, Aral Sea, water balance, Central Asia, desertificationАннотация
Central Asia is rich in many continental lakes. The Aral Sea belonged to the category of large water reservoirs on Earth. Due to the unscientific and uncontrolled extraction of water for irrigation in Central Asia and Kazakhstan, which began in the 50-60s of last century, the water flow has shrunk in the Aral Sea, and in the 1980s has ceased. As a result of anthropogenic impacts on the basin ecosystem has led to negative consequences: soil salinization, desertification process and environmental changes.The article describes the change in the water balance in the Aral Sea basin related to anthropogenic impact, leading to negative environmental effectsБиблиографиялық сілтемелер
1 1. Micklin P.P. The Aral Sea disaster. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci.,2007. 35:47–72
2 2. Bortnik V.N. Changes in the water-level and hydrological balance of the Aral Sea. See Micklin&Williams, 1996, p. 25–32.
3 3. Micklin P.P. The Water Management Crisis in Soviet Central Asia: The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European,Stud. No. 905. Pittsburgh: Cent. Russ /East Eur. Stud. 1991.
4 4. Glazovskiy N.F. The Aral Crisis: Causative Factors and Means of Solution. – M.: Nauka,1990. 287 p.
5 5. Chub V.Y. Regional problems of estimating the influence of aerosols (of anthropogenic and natural occurrence) on the climatic characteristics of the Central Asiatic region. In Materials for the Regional Scientific Seminar Aeolian Transport of Salt in the Aral Sea Basin, p. 3–4, March 4–5. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Exec. Comm. Int. Fund Save Aral Sea, World Bank, Main Admin. Hydrometeorol.Uzbekistan,1998.
6 6. Anokhin Y.A., Borisov V.A., Kulikova I.L., Surnin V.A., Bobonikova T.E. The concept and results of implementation of regional monitoring. In Monitoring the Natural Environment inBasin of the Aral Sea, ed. LL Lentovskaya, - Leningrad.:Gydrometeoizdat,1991. pp. 208–214.
7 7. Lean G. 2006. The dead sea that sprang to life. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk
8 8. A.A. Hydrology of USSR. Part 2. General Hydrology. Chapter 21. Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat,1952.
9 9. Gvozdetskii N.A., Mikhailov N.I. Physical Geography of USSR: Asian part. Moscow,1978.
10 10.Micklin P.P. The past, present, and future Aral sea. Lakes Reserv Res Manag,2010, 15:193–213.
11 11. V.N., Chistyaevaya S.P., eds. Hydrometeorology and Hydrochemistry of the Seas of the USSR. Vol. VIII: Aral Sea. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990.
12 12. Shivareva S., Ponenkova Y., Smerdov B. Modeling the level of the Aral Sea. In Problems of the Aral Sea Basin, Research, Projects, Proposals, pp. 5–10. Tashkent: Chinor ENK,1998.
13 13. Izrayel’ Y.A, Anokhin Y.A. Issues of estimating the ecological, social and economic consequences of the degradation of the natural environment in the near Aral region. In Monitoring the Natural Environment in the Basin of the Aral Sea, ed. LL Lentovskaya, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat,1991. p. 4–6.
14 14. Orlovsky L., Orlovsky N. White sand storms in Central Asia. Youlin, Y., Squired, V., Qi, l., (Eds.) 2001. Global Alarm: Dust and sand storms from the World’s Drylands, UNCCD report, Bangkok, 2001, p. 169–201.
15 15. Ptichnikov A., ed. Sustainable Development of Ecology and Land and Water Use through Implementation of a GIS and Remote Sensing Center in Karakalpakstan. Bull. 1, NATO Sci. Peace Proj. 974101. Uzbekistan: Moscow, 2000-2003.
16 16. Micklin P.P. Managing Water in Central Asia. Central Asian and Caucasian Prospects. London: R. Inst. Int. Aff. 2000.
17 17. Micklin P.P. The Aral Sea crisis. In: Nihoul J.C.J, Zavialov P.O, Micklin P.P (eds) Dying and dead seas: climatic versus anthropic causes. NATO science series IV: earth and environmental sciences, Vol. 36. Kluwer, Boston, 2004, p. 99–125.
18 18. Khvorog G.V. ed. Ecological Map of the Near Aral Region. Alma-Ata: Kazakhstan,1992.
19 19. Novikova N. The Tugai of the Aral Sea Region is dying: Can it be restored? Russ. Conserv. News, 1996, 6:22–23.
20 20. Severskiy I., Chervanyov I., Ponamorenko Y., Novikova N.M., Miagkov S.V., et al. Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) 24, Aral Sea. Univ. Kalmar, Swed., UN Environ. Progr.,2005.
21 21. Chub V.Y. Climate Change and Its Influence on the Natural Resource Potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Glavgidromet,2002.
22 22. Palvaniyazov M. The influence of dust storms on the habitats of certain mammals of the coastal zone of the Aral Sea. Probl. OsvoyeniyaPustyn,1989, 1:55–59.
23 23. World Bank (WB). Aral Sea Basin Program (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan)Washington, DC:Water Environ. Manag. Proj., 1998.
24 24. Bel’gibayev M.Y. A dust/salt meter—an apparatus for entraining dust and salt from air currents. Probl. OsvoyeniyaPustyn.,1984, 1:72–74.
25 25. Issanova G., Abuduwaili J., Galayeva O. Semenov O., Bazarbayeva T. 2015. Aeolian transportation of sand and dust in the Aral Sea region. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12:3213–3224, DOI 10.1007/s13762-015-0753-x
26 26. Abdirov C.A., Agadzhanyan N.A., Vervikhvost A.V., Primbetov K.P., Severin A.Y., et al. Stress reaction of healthy children of Nukus from the effects of ecological factors in Priaral’ye. Vestn. Karakalp. Otdel. Akad. Nauk Resp. Uzb.,1993, 2:15–20.
27 27. Tursunov A.A. The Aral Sea and the ecological situation in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Gidrotekh.Stroit., 1989, 6:15-22.
2 2. Bortnik V.N. Changes in the water-level and hydrological balance of the Aral Sea. See Micklin&Williams, 1996, p. 25–32.
3 3. Micklin P.P. The Water Management Crisis in Soviet Central Asia: The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European,Stud. No. 905. Pittsburgh: Cent. Russ /East Eur. Stud. 1991.
4 4. Glazovskiy N.F. The Aral Crisis: Causative Factors and Means of Solution. – M.: Nauka,1990. 287 p.
5 5. Chub V.Y. Regional problems of estimating the influence of aerosols (of anthropogenic and natural occurrence) on the climatic characteristics of the Central Asiatic region. In Materials for the Regional Scientific Seminar Aeolian Transport of Salt in the Aral Sea Basin, p. 3–4, March 4–5. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Exec. Comm. Int. Fund Save Aral Sea, World Bank, Main Admin. Hydrometeorol.Uzbekistan,1998.
6 6. Anokhin Y.A., Borisov V.A., Kulikova I.L., Surnin V.A., Bobonikova T.E. The concept and results of implementation of regional monitoring. In Monitoring the Natural Environment inBasin of the Aral Sea, ed. LL Lentovskaya, - Leningrad.:Gydrometeoizdat,1991. pp. 208–214.
7 7. Lean G. 2006. The dead sea that sprang to life. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk
8 8. A.A. Hydrology of USSR. Part 2. General Hydrology. Chapter 21. Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat,1952.
9 9. Gvozdetskii N.A., Mikhailov N.I. Physical Geography of USSR: Asian part. Moscow,1978.
10 10.Micklin P.P. The past, present, and future Aral sea. Lakes Reserv Res Manag,2010, 15:193–213.
11 11. V.N., Chistyaevaya S.P., eds. Hydrometeorology and Hydrochemistry of the Seas of the USSR. Vol. VIII: Aral Sea. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990.
12 12. Shivareva S., Ponenkova Y., Smerdov B. Modeling the level of the Aral Sea. In Problems of the Aral Sea Basin, Research, Projects, Proposals, pp. 5–10. Tashkent: Chinor ENK,1998.
13 13. Izrayel’ Y.A, Anokhin Y.A. Issues of estimating the ecological, social and economic consequences of the degradation of the natural environment in the near Aral region. In Monitoring the Natural Environment in the Basin of the Aral Sea, ed. LL Lentovskaya, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat,1991. p. 4–6.
14 14. Orlovsky L., Orlovsky N. White sand storms in Central Asia. Youlin, Y., Squired, V., Qi, l., (Eds.) 2001. Global Alarm: Dust and sand storms from the World’s Drylands, UNCCD report, Bangkok, 2001, p. 169–201.
15 15. Ptichnikov A., ed. Sustainable Development of Ecology and Land and Water Use through Implementation of a GIS and Remote Sensing Center in Karakalpakstan. Bull. 1, NATO Sci. Peace Proj. 974101. Uzbekistan: Moscow, 2000-2003.
16 16. Micklin P.P. Managing Water in Central Asia. Central Asian and Caucasian Prospects. London: R. Inst. Int. Aff. 2000.
17 17. Micklin P.P. The Aral Sea crisis. In: Nihoul J.C.J, Zavialov P.O, Micklin P.P (eds) Dying and dead seas: climatic versus anthropic causes. NATO science series IV: earth and environmental sciences, Vol. 36. Kluwer, Boston, 2004, p. 99–125.
18 18. Khvorog G.V. ed. Ecological Map of the Near Aral Region. Alma-Ata: Kazakhstan,1992.
19 19. Novikova N. The Tugai of the Aral Sea Region is dying: Can it be restored? Russ. Conserv. News, 1996, 6:22–23.
20 20. Severskiy I., Chervanyov I., Ponamorenko Y., Novikova N.M., Miagkov S.V., et al. Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) 24, Aral Sea. Univ. Kalmar, Swed., UN Environ. Progr.,2005.
21 21. Chub V.Y. Climate Change and Its Influence on the Natural Resource Potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Glavgidromet,2002.
22 22. Palvaniyazov M. The influence of dust storms on the habitats of certain mammals of the coastal zone of the Aral Sea. Probl. OsvoyeniyaPustyn,1989, 1:55–59.
23 23. World Bank (WB). Aral Sea Basin Program (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan)Washington, DC:Water Environ. Manag. Proj., 1998.
24 24. Bel’gibayev M.Y. A dust/salt meter—an apparatus for entraining dust and salt from air currents. Probl. OsvoyeniyaPustyn.,1984, 1:72–74.
25 25. Issanova G., Abuduwaili J., Galayeva O. Semenov O., Bazarbayeva T. 2015. Aeolian transportation of sand and dust in the Aral Sea region. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12:3213–3224, DOI 10.1007/s13762-015-0753-x
26 26. Abdirov C.A., Agadzhanyan N.A., Vervikhvost A.V., Primbetov K.P., Severin A.Y., et al. Stress reaction of healthy children of Nukus from the effects of ecological factors in Priaral’ye. Vestn. Karakalp. Otdel. Akad. Nauk Resp. Uzb.,1993, 2:15–20.
27 27. Tursunov A.A. The Aral Sea and the ecological situation in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Gidrotekh.Stroit., 1989, 6:15-22.
Жүктелулер
Как цитировать
Issanova, G. T., Bazarbayeva, T. A., Ustemirova, A. M., & Saparov, A. S. (2016). Shrinking lakes in Central Asia and environment changes. ҚазҰУ Хабаршысы. География сериясы, 41(2). вилучено із https://bulletin-geography.kaznu.kz/index.php/1-geo/article/view/253
Шығарылым
Бөлім
Табиғи және антропогендік геожүйелер
