Basic principles and approaches to the development of migration policy of Kazakhstan

Abstract

For Kazakhstan, migration policy - in terms of managing internal and international migration flows - has always been an important element of public service. Focusing on state interests, this policy is a complex socio-economic phenomenon that is directly and indirectly related to all aspects of social life. Thus, the migration process is a new impetus for development in the international arena and an important direction for the world economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the main principles and approaches to the development of migration policy of Kazakhstan. The study used the methods of analysis, differentiation, systematisation. As a result of the study, three main stages of migration policy development in the history of Kazakhstan were identified. The first stage (1991-2000) is characterised by the deterioration of the country's socio-economic situation due to the destruction of the Soviet Union and the change of the administrative system; the second stage (2001-2010) is characterised by economic growth, dynamic socio-political changes and reforms; the third stage (2011-2022) is characterised by special conditions of globalisation, which reveals the dominant influence of external social and socio-economic factors. Thus, the main principles and approaches to the development of migration policy in Kazakhstan ensure the state-wide priorities in the field of demographic, economic, social, political and cultural development and allow for the effective implementation of legislation, regulation and management of migration processes.