Параметрическая оценка деформаций подземных выработок на основе лазерного сканирования

Аннотация

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of geodetic methods for monitoring deformation processes in underground mine workings, specifically focusing on the methodology of parametric deformation assessment based on laser scanning. A new integrated approach has been developed in this study, where changes in cross-sectional areas – specifically, transverse (ΔS) and longitudinal (ΔP) area parameters measured directly using a laser scanner are utilized as the primary characteristics of underground working deformations. Particular attention is paid to the integration of modern laser scanning and classical tachymetric (total station) measurements, which ensure high accuracy in monitoring rock mass stability, as well as to the subsequent calculation of the rock structural weakening coefficient (К_sw) and the Poisson's ratio of the material based on the obtained parameters.

Experimental studies were successfully conducted at two deep horizons of the southeastern ore body (SEOB) using a MINEiGeoSight scanner with a five-month interval and were implemented through the cross-comparison of three-dimensional digital models. The refined data clearly demonstrated the regularities of non-uniform expansion of mine working cross-sections and characterized the displacement trends of the rock mass. The application of laser scanning made it possible to precisely identify critical and hazardous deformation zones, as well as to obtain accurate geometric models of the changing sections.

The influence of tectonic and gravitational loads on the stability of workings was analyzed, and the impact of stresses at deep horizons was fully substantiated. To improve mining safety, corresponding practical recommendations for organizing regular geodetic monitoring were developed, taking into account this parametric assessment. The results obtained are highly beneficial for mine surveyors, geomechanicians, civil engineers, and underground construction specialists for wide application in practical activities and industrial operations.